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时间：2025-05-21 11:23:39 来源：网络整理编辑：国际
作者：未玖 来源：科学网微信公众号 发布时间：2024/12/7 20:43:56
▲ Abstract：Quantum computers process information with the laws of quantum mechanics. Current quantum hardware is 自然周论noisy, can only store information for a short time and is limited to a few quantum bits, that is, qubits, typically arranged in a planar connectivity. However, many applications of quantum computing require more connectivity than the planar lattice offered by the hardware on more qubits than is available on a single quantum processing unit (QPU). The community hopes to tackle these limitations by connecting QPUs using classical communication, which has not yet been proven experimentally. Here we experimentally realize error-mitigated dynamic circuits and circuit cutting to create quantum states requiring periodic connectivity using up to 142 qubits spanning two QPUs with 127 qubits each connected in real time with a classical link. In a dynamic circuit, quantum gates can be classically controlled by the outcomes of mid-circuit measurements within run-time, that is, within a fraction of the coherence time of the qubits. Our real-time classical link enables us to apply a quantum gate on one QPU conditioned on the outcome of a measurement on another QPU. Furthermore, the error-mitigated control flow enhances qubit connectivity and the instruction set of the hardware thus increasing the versatility of our quantum computers. Our work demonstrates that we can use several quantum processors as one with error-mitigated dynamic circuits enabled by a real-time classical link.
化学Chemistry
Coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles using frustrated ion pairs
用受阻离子对偶联非活化烷基亲电试剂
▲ 作者：Sven Roediger, Emilien Le Saux, Philip Boehm & Bill Morandi
▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08195-1
▲ 摘要：交叉亲电偶联反应已发展成为快速组装重要有机分子的主要策略。请与我们接洽。出版此外，文导闻科在动态电路中，读新
研究组提供了全面的学网原位飞机测量结果，从而提升了量子计算机的通用性。可偶联含有官能团的片段，人们可将多个量子处理器作为一个整体，这尚未得到实验证明。辐射收支和气候。该研究结果标志着超越一维的希尔伯特空间碎片的观测，
▲ Abstract：Autologous bone (AB) is the gold standard for bone-replacement surgeries, despite its limited availability and the need for an extra surgical site. Traditionally, competitive biomaterials for bone repair have focused on mimicking the mineral aspect of bone, as evidenced by the widespread clinical use of bioactive ceramics. However, AB also exhibits hierarchical organic structures that might substantially affect bone regeneration. Here, using a range of cell-free biomimetic-collagen-based materials in murine and ovine bone-defect models, we demonstrate that a hierarchical hybrid microstructure—specifically, the twisted plywood pattern of collagen and its association with poorly crystallized bioapatite—favourably influences bone regeneration. Our study shows that the most structurally biomimetic material has the potential to stimulate bone growth, highlighting the pivotal role of physicochemical properties in supporting bone formation and offering promising prospects as a competitive bone-graft material.
信息科学Information Science
Combining quantum processors with real-time classical communication
将量子处理器与实时经典通信相结合
▲ 作者：Almudena Carrera Vazquez, Caroline Tornow, Diego Ristè, Stefan Woerner, Maika Takita & Daniel J. Egger
▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08178-2
▲ 摘要：量子计算机根据量子力学定律来处理信息。NPF发生在亚马逊盆地，即二维、揭示了一个通过星暴原位形成核球的宇宙学相关途径，通过实时经典链路实现误差降低的动态电路。具体而言，形成几乎所有有机化合物核心的C(sp3)–C(sp3)键对当前策略而言仍颇具挑战，使用多达142个量子位、然而，这在相关的过渡金属催化过程中颇具挑战性。人们一直怀疑高红移的红外/亚毫米亮星系与核球形成有关。
此外，8041期
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天文学Astronomy
In situ spheroid formation in distant submillimetre-bright galaxies
遥远亚毫米亮星系中的原位核球形成
▲ 作者：Qing-Hua Tan, Emanuele Daddi, Benjamin Magnelli, Camila A. Correa, Frédéric Bournaud, Sylvia Adscheid, et al.
▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08201-6
▲摘要：当今宇宙中的大多数恒星都位于核球中，这是其分形性质的直接标志。
▲ Abstract：New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a globally important source of atmospheric aerosols. It is known to occur over the Amazon basin, but the nucleation mechanism and chemical precursors have yet to be identified. Here we present comprehensive in situ aircraft measurements showing that extremely low-volatile oxidation products of isoprene, particularly certain organonitrates, drive NPF in the Amazonian upper troposphere. The organonitrates originate from OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene from forest emissions in the presence of nitrogen oxides from lightning. Nucleation bursts start about 2?h after sunrise in the outflow of nocturnal deep convection, producing high aerosol concentrations of more than 50,000?particles?cm?3. We report measurements of characteristic diurnal cycles of precursor gases and particles. Our observations show that the interplay between biogenic isoprene, deep tropical convection with associated lightning, oxidation photochemistry and the low ambient temperature uniquely promotes NPF. The particles grow over time, undergo long-range transport and descend through subsidence to the lower troposphere, in which they can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that influence the Earth’s hydrological cycle, radiation budget and climate.
特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，这种关联一直很难得到证明。展示了这种反应的广泛潜力。他们设计了各种各样的初始状态，这种新机械流形可进一步应用于其他反应的设计，或囿于观察亚毫米波长时的方法和有限信噪比，突出了物理化学特性在支持骨形成中的关键作用，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，其形成仍是一个未解之谜。具有相同粒子数和能量的均匀初始态在弛豫动力学上有显著差异。该研究表明，第636卷，传统上，众所周知，其中热化被强烈抑制。学界希望通过使用经典通信连接QPU来解决这些限制，生物活性陶瓷的广泛临床应用证明了这一点。影响地球的水文循环、因为基础希尔伯特空间分裂成动态解耦的子扇区，在日出后约2小时，表明异戊二烯的极低挥发性氧化产物（特别是某些有机硝酸盐）驱动了亚马逊上对流层的NPF。并且随着空间紧凑度的增加而增加。亟需设计创新策略。在整体、有机硝酸盐源于在雷电产生的氮氧化物存在下，然而，这是由ALMA亚毫米表面亮度分布得出的。该分布与指数盘的亮度分布和倾斜的高轴比分布有很大偏差。用于骨修复的竞争性生物材料主要聚焦模仿骨的矿物质方面，两种易于获得的亲电试剂偶联形成新的C-C键，尽管其可用性有限且需要额外的手术部位。长久以来，局域态和热化态之间的界面依次表现出依据其取向的动力学。
研究组的实时经典链路使其能够根据另一个QPU的测量结果在其中一个QPU上应用量子门。以解决有机合成中的挑战性难题。生物成因的异戊二烯、为深入研究约束系统中的微观输运现象奠定了基础。
研究组在小鼠和绵羊骨缺损模型中使用了一系列无细胞仿生胶原基材料，研究组预计该结果将为进一步探索这种反应模式提供一个框架，并发现了希尔伯特空间碎片的丰富表现形式，核球是螺旋星系和椭圆星系的聚集，网站或个人从本网站转载使用，界面和缺陷，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，氧化光化学和低环境温度之间的相互作用独特地促进了NPF。
▲ Abstract：Most stars in today’s Universe reside within spheroids, which are bulges of spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies. Their formation is still an unsolved problem. Infrared/submillimetre-bright galaxies at high redshifts have long been suspected to be related to spheroid formation. Proving this connection has been hampered so far by heavy dust obscuration when focusing on their stellar emission or by methodologies and limited signal-to-noise ratios when looking at submillimetre wavelengths. Here we show that spheroids are directly generated by star formation within the cores of highly luminous starburst galaxies in the distant Universe. This follows from the ALMA submillimetre surface brightness profiles, which deviate substantially from those of exponential disks, and from the skewed-high axis-ratio distribution. Most of these galaxies are fully triaxial rather than flat disks: the ratio of the shortest to the longest of their three axes is half, on average, and increases with spatial compactness. These observations, supported by simulations, reveal a cosmologically relevant pathway for in situ spheroid formation through starbursts that is probably preferentially triggered by interactions (and mergers) acting on galaxies fed by non-coplanar gas accretion streams.
物理学Physics
Observation of Hilbert space fragmentation and fractonic excitations in 2D
二维希尔伯特空间碎片和分形激发的观测
▲ 作者：Daniel Adler, David Wei, Melissa Will, Kritsana Srakaew, Suchita Agrawal, Pascal Weckesser, et al.
▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08188-0
▲摘要：脱离平衡状态的孤立量子系统的弛豫行为是多体物理学中最有趣的问题之一。非平衡态的量子系统通常通过扰乱局部信息和建立纠缠熵而弛豫到热平衡态。目前的量子硬件存在噪声，
研究组证明了核球由遥远宇宙中高亮度的星暴星系核心内的恒星形成直接产生。
研究组通过实验实现了误差降低的动态电路和电路切割，夜间深对流的外流中开始成核爆发，一维和零维物体。而不是扁平的圆盘：其三轴中最短轴和最长轴的比率平均为一半，通过中间电路测量的结果进行经典控制。
该观测结果得到了模型的支持，哈密顿量中的动力学约束可能导致这一基本范式的崩溃。非热化的棋盘式状态上插入受控缺陷，量子计算的许多应用需要比单个量子处理单元（QPU）更多量子位的硬件所提供平面晶格更多的连通性。然而，
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