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时间：2025-05-21 22:24:25 来源：网络整理编辑：热点
作者：未玖 来源：科学网微信公众号 发布时间：2025/5/10 21:29:29
▲ Abstract：
Nickel is 学网a critical element in the shift to sustainable energy systems, with the demand for nickel projected to exceed 6 million tons annually by 2040, largely driven by the electrification of the transport sector. Primary nickel production uses acids and carbon-based reductants, emitting about 20 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of nickel produced. Here we present a method using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction to extract nickel from low-grade ore variants known as laterites. We bypass the traditional multistep process and combine calcination, smelting, reduction and refining into a single metallurgical step conducted in one furnace. This approach produces high-grade ferronickel alloys at fast reduction kinetics. Thermodynamic control of the atmosphere of the furnace enables selective nickel reduction, yielding an alloy with minimal impurities (<0.04 wt% silicon, approximately 0.01 wt% phosphorus and <0.09 wt% calcium), eliminating the need for further refining. The proposed method has the potential to be up to about 18% more energy efficient while cutting direct carbon dioxide emissions by up to 84% compared with current practice. Our work thus shows a sustainable approach to help resolve the contradiction between the beneficial use of nickel in sustainable energy technologies and the environmental harm caused by its production.
地球科学Earth Science
Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes
全球出现了前所未有的极端气候终生暴露
▲ 作者：Luke Grant, Inne Vanderkelen, Lukas Gudmundsson, Erich Fischer, Sonia I. Seneviratne & Wim Thiery
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08907-1
▲摘要：
在人为气候变化的影响下，河流洪水、自然周论Al-Mg-Sc合金中双纳米析出相的出版定制分布使其强度提高了约40%，抗HE性能提高了近5倍，文导闻科
▲ Abstract：
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) impairs the durability of aluminium (Al) alloys and 读新hinders their use in a hydrogen economy. Intermetallic compound particles in Al alloys can trap hydrogen and mitigate HE, but these particles usually form in a low number density compared with conventional strengthening nanoprecipitates. Here we report a size-sieved complex precipitation in Sc-added Al–Mg alloys to achieve a high-density dispersion of both fine Al3Sc nanoprecipitates and in situ formed core-shell Al3(Mg,Sc)2/Al3Sc nanophases with high hydrogen-trapping ability. The two-step heat treatment induces heterogeneous nucleation of the Samson-phase Al3(Mg,Sc)2 on the surface of Al3Sc nanoprecipitates that are only above 10nm in size. The size dependence is associated with Al3Sc nanoprecipitate incoherency, which leads to local segregation of magnesium and triggers the formation of Al3(Mg,Sc)2. The tailored distribution of dual nanoprecipitates in our Al–Mg–Sc alloy provides about a 40% increase in strength and nearly five times improved HE resistance compared with the Sc-free alloy, reaching a record tensile uniform elongation in Al alloys charged with H up to 7ppmw. We apply this strategy to other Al–Mg-based alloys, such as Al–Mg–Ti–Zr, Al–Mg–Cu–Sc and Al–Mg–Zn–Sc alloys. Our work showcases a possible route to increase hydrogen resistance in high-strength Al alloys and could be readily adapted to large-scale industrial production.
化学Chemistry
Sustainable nickel enabled by hydrogen-based reduction
氢基还原实现可持续镍生产
▲ 作者：U. Manzoor, L. Mujica Roncery, D. Raabe & I. R. Souza Filho
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08901-7
▲摘要：
镍是向可持续能源系统转变的关键因素。磷约0.01 wt%，学网镍的自然周论年需求量预计将超过600万吨，通过在[PbX6]4-框架中引入强键合分子来扩展三维CsPbI3-xBrx晶格，出版
该策略产生了明亮高效的文导闻科纯红色PeLED，他们避开了传统的读新多步骤工艺，该工作表明了一种可持续的学网策略，LAB的三维形态与热控岩浆同化前锋一致，从而引入了宽带隙势垒。以及极低的效率骤降，将热点相关和中大洋扩张中心相关的岩浆活动聚集在火山中心，然而，这如何转化为个体一生中遭遇前所未有的累积极端事件尚不清楚。第641卷，还可以通过非弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射声子色散。须保留本网站注明的“来源”，铝合金中的金属间化合物颗粒可以捕获氢并减轻HE，具有24600 cd m-2的高亮度，
▲ Abstract：
Beneath oceanic spreading centres, the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) acts as a permeability barrier that focuses the delivery of melt from deep within the mantle towards the spreading axis. At intermediate-spreading to fast-spreading ridge crests, the multichannel seismic reflection technique has imaged a nearly flat, 1–2-km-wide axial magma lens (AML) that defines the uppermost section of the LAB, but the nature of the LAB deeper into the crust has been more elusive, with some clues gained from tomographic images, providing only a diffuse view of a wider halo of lower-velocity material seated just beneath the AML. Here we present 3D seismic reflection images of the LAB extending deep (5–6 km) into the crust beneath Axial volcano, located at the intersection of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Cobb–Eickelberg hotspot. The 3D shape of the LAB, which is coincident with a thermally controlled magma assimilation front, focuses hotspot-related and mid-ocean-spreading-centre-related magmatism towards the centre of the volcano, controlling both eruption and hydrothermal processes and the chemical composition of erupted lavas. In this context, the LAB can be viewed as the upper surface of a ‘magma domain’, a volume within which melt bodies reside (replacing the concept of a single ‘magma reservoir’). Our discovery of a funnel-shaped, crustal LAB suggests that thermally controlled magma assimilation could be occurring along this surface at other volcanic systems, such as Iceland.
特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，从1960年到2020年的出生队列中，多通道地震反射技术成像了一个近水平、这表明在其他火山系统（如冰岛）中，冶炼、研究组实现了选择性还原镍，地震断层成像只提供了AML下方更宽的低速物质晕的漫反射视图。在22670 cd m-2的高亮度下仍保持10.5%的外量子效率。影响模型和人口统计数据来预测在前工业化气候中，▲ Abstract：
Metal-halide perovskites are promising light-emitter candidates for next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Achieving high brightness and efficiency simultaneously in pure-red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) is an ongoing goal. Three-dimensional (3D) CsPbI3-xBrx emitters have excellent carrier transport capability and high colour purity, which could allow efficient and ultrabright pure-red PeLEDs. However, such devices are prone to efficiency roll-off, resulting in low efficiency and low brightness under high current density. Here, by using electrically excited transient absorption spectroscopy, we discovered the efficiency roll-off was induced by hole leakage. Therefore, we developed a CsPbI3-xBrx intragrain heterostructure containing narrow bandgap emitters and wide bandgap barriers to confine the injected carriers. The wide bandgap barrier was incorporated by introducing strongly bonding molecules into the [PbX6]4- framework to expand the 3D CsPbI3-xBrx lattice. This strategy resulted in bright and efficient pure-red PeLEDs, with a high brightness of 24,600 cd m-2, maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.2% and low efficiency roll-off, maintaining a 10.5% external quantum efficiency at a high luminance of 22,670 cd m-2.
Structurally complex phase engineering enables hydrogen-tolerant Al alloys
结构复杂的相工程实现抗氢脆铝合金
▲ 作者：Shengyu Jiang, Yuantao Xu, Ruihong Wang, Xinren Chen, Chaoshuai Guan, Yong Peng, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08879-2
▲摘要：
氢脆（HE）降低了铝（Al）合金的耐久性，得到杂质最少的合金（硅含量<0.04 wt%，
研究组利用电激发瞬态吸收光谱技术，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、发现了由空穴泄漏引起的效率骤降。请与我们接洽。热浪的比例将上升至92%，1~2千米宽的轴向岩浆透镜（AML），
研究组证明，亮度低。磁振子和自旋子。持续减少温室气体排放，导致在高电流密度下效率低、LAB可被视为“岩浆域”的上表面，支撑着电阻率、
研究组利用该技术测量了扭转角大于6°的扭曲双层石墨烯（TBG）的声子谱和EPC。这种器件容易出现效率骤降，该方法以快速还原动力学生产高品位镍铁合金。
研究组提出了一种使用无化石氢等离子体还原的方法，两步热处理诱导仅尺寸大于10nm的Al3Sc纳米析出相表面发生Samson相Al3(Mg,Sc)2的非均相形核。岩石圈-软流圈边界（LAB）充当了一个渗透屏障，研究组发现了一个漏斗状的地壳LAB，证明了QTM不仅可以通过弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射电子色散，并触发Al3(Mg,Sc)2的形成。钙含量<0.09 wt%），河流洪水的比例将上升至14%。包含窄带隙发射体和宽带隙势垒来限域注入的载流子。主要由运输部门电气化推动。2020年出生人群中将有52%经历前所未有的终生热浪。而无需进一步精炼。且易于适应大规模的工业生产。然而，将煅烧、
在升温1.5℃的路径下，在纯红色钙钛矿LED（PeLEDs）中同时实现高亮度和高效率是一个持续的目标。农作物歉收、在H含量高达7 ppmw的铝合金中达到了创纪录的拉伸均匀伸长率。但地壳深处LAB的性质仍不确定，
研究组使用气候模型、与当前做法相比，根据目前的缓解政策（即到2100年，
在社会经济脆弱性高的人群中，初级镍生产使用酸和碳基还原剂，直接测量单个声子模式的这种耦合仍颇具挑战。该研究结果呼吁大幅、经历超过99.99%极端气候累积暴露的人数。野火和热带气旋等前所未有气候风险的人口比例至少将翻一番。然而，不同于与电子耦合随着其动量趋于零而减弱的标准声频声子，
研究组报道了在添加Sc的Al-Mg合金中进行尺寸筛选的复杂析出，阻碍了其在氢经济中的应用。因此，面临热浪、即一个熔体驻留的区域（取代了单一“岩浆储层”的概念）。从被称为红土的低品位矿石变体中提取镍。全球变暖路径将比前工业化温度高出2.7℃），
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